Sample Abstract 1 From the social sciences Reporting new findings about the reasons for increasing economic homogamy among spouses Gonalons-Pons, Pilar, and Christine R. Sample 2: Permeable Treatment Walls Abstract (Background statement) A review of groundwater remediation in use today shows that new techniques are required that solve the problems of 28/02/ · When to write an abstract Step 1: Introduction Step 2: Methods Step 3: Results Step 4: Discussion Keywords Tips for writing an abstract Frequently asked questions about
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These pages show two examples of typical abstracts from honours theses. Notice that the stages of the abstracts have been labelled, sample essay abstract, so that you can see the function of each sentence or part-sentence. You can also see that there are differences in the type of information that is included in each abstract, as well as differences in level of detail. Background statement The spread of antibiotic resistance is aided by mobile elements such as transposons and conjugative plasmids. Narrowing statement Recently, integrons have been recognised as genetic elements that have the capacity to contribute to the spread of resistance.
Elaboration of narrowing statement Integrons constitute an efficient means of capturing gene cassettes and allow expression of encoded resistance. Aims The aims of this study were to screen clinical isolates for integrons, characterise gene cassettes and extended spectrum b-lactamase ESBL genes. Extended aim Subsequent to this, genetic linkage between ESBL genes and gentamicin resistance was investigated. Results A novel gene cassette contained within an integron was identified from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, encoding a protein that belongs to the small multidrug resistance SMR family of transporters.
Justification of results The presence of this plasmid accounts for the gentamicin resistance phenotype that is often associated with organisms displaying an extended-spectrum b-lactamase phenotype. Background statement A review of groundwater remediation in use today shows that new techniques are required that solve the problems of pump and treat, sample essay abstract, containment and in-situ treatment. Narrowing statement One such technique is the method that involves the use of permeable treatment walls. Elaboration These methods use a reactive medium such as iron to remediate contaminated groundwater.
Elaboration of aim These methods include injection and trenching, sample essay abstract. Specific focus of aim The use of a funnel and gate system via a trench has been examined in detail Methods using a groundwater modelling option of the FLAC program. Methods The modelling involved an analysis of the effect of changing the lengths of the walls and gate, varying the permeability, and varying the number of gates. Results The results showed that increasing the wall length, sample essay abstract, gate length and permeability increases the size of the plume captured. Key result An important factor in designing the walls is the residence time of the water in the gate or the contact time of the contaminant with the reactive media. Evaluation of results A sensitivity analysis has been conducted that shows that increasing the size of the capture zone decreases the residence time Limitations which will limit the design.
Future applications and research The results of the modelling and sensitivity analysis are presented such that they can be used as an aid to the design of permeable treatment walls. It might be better if the aim was made more explicit. Background statement No other form of environmental pollution has had as widespread detrimental effect on the growth and reproductive capacity of plants as air pollution, sample essay abstract. Narrowing statement Fluorides have long been recognized as highly toxic and research has shown that they are the most phytotoxic of all air pollutants. Elaboration of narrowing statement One of the most subtle impacts of fluoride on plant development is on their reproductive processes… There has been very little work directed towards forest trees, and especially native Australian species, sample essay abstract.
Broad purpose of study An understanding of the effects of fluoride on the reproductive processes of plant species within a forest community may help predict changes within the community following an increase in atmospheric fluoride arising from industrial sources. Narrowing of purpose of study This study investigates the effects of increased atmospheric fluoride emissions from an aluminium smelter, on the reproductive processes of three native species, Banksia aemula, Bossiaea heterophylla and Actinotus helianthi, sample essay abstract. Elaboration of purpose Attention has also been paid to the soil seed reserve as an important resource for the replacement of adult plants within the community.
Results For Banksia aemula the study found that the reproduction of this fluoride-sensitive species may be affected in the close vicinity of the smelter… For the two ground layer species the study found that the fluoride may be affecting the Bossiaea heterophylla but having no discernible or very little effect on the Actinotus helianthi. Significance of results 1 The implications of these results for the forest community are that sensitive native species such as the long-lived Banksia aemula and Bossiaea heterophylla will be removed sample essay abstract the plant community close to the smelter.
This will reduce the resources they provide to the existing ecosystem but will, however, free more resources for the more resistant opportunist species such as Actinotus helianthi as well as the many introduced species, sample essay abstract. Significance of results 2 The soil seed reserve study indicated that the seed reserve was very small in all areas, sample essay abstract. This would have several negative impacts on sample essay abstract natural regeneration of the area in the event of sample essay abstract closure of the smelter….
Future research Further research is recommended to assess the biochemical pathways for both the vegetative and reproductive processes and the mechanisms of the pollination of this important species… This may need to be repeated at certain intervals to monitor any further changes that may result from the higher fluoride emissions of the new expansion. Sample essay abstract abstract executive summary above has been summarised to focus on key stages. Some of the omitted text is reproduced below, sample essay abstract. Sample essay abstract you identify the stages?
This is the only sentence which outlines the Method of the sample essay abstract. It is the next sentence after the Elaboration of purpose. This text is the first part of the concluding paragraph. The remainder of the sample essay abstract discusses further research. Sign On Expand menu for Sign On Moodle myUNSW Email Microsoft Office myLibrary Careers portal Change your password Need help? Sample Abstracts for Writing. Sample 1: Genetic Mechanisms and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Abstract Background statement The spread of antibiotic resistance is aided by mobile elements such as transposons and conjugative plasmids. Jonesp.
Dasey G. Sample 3: The Effects of Flouride on the Reproduction of Three Native Australian Plant Species Note: This abstract is referred to as an Executive Summary original 2 pages Background statement No other form of environmental pollution has had as widespread detrimental effect on the growth and reproductive capacity of plants as air pollution. This would have several negative impacts on the natural regeneration of the area in the event of the closure of the smelter… Future research Further research is recommended to assess the biochemical pathways for both the vegetative and reproductive processes and the mechanisms of the pollination of this important species… This may need to be repeated at certain intervals to monitor any further changes that may result from the sample essay abstract fluoride emissions of the new expansion.
Exercise for sample 3 The abstract executive summary above has been summarised to focus on key stages. The effects of the fluoride for the forest species were assessed by measuring several reproductive and associated characteristics of the plants found within forest areas along a fluoride gradient. See answer: This is the only sentence which outlines the Method of the sample essay abstract. Bossiaea heterophylla shows more visible signs of fluoride stress close to the smelter. Insect damage to the Bossiaea heterophylla seed pods were observed in the background sites but not in the high fluoride sites indicating that the fluoride may be having an effect on the seed predators close to the smelter.
This short text is part of the Results and follows on from the results section above, sample essay abstract. This study looked at the difference in visible structures associated with reproduction. Leaves of the Banksia aemula trees growing close to the smelter have accumulated large concentrations of foliar fluoride, sample essay abstract. Whether this is affecting the physiology and biochemical processes of the plan which in turn may indirectly affect the reproduction potential of the plants or the increased fluoride in the atmosphere is directly affecting the reproduction mechanisms is difficult to ascertain from this study.
How to Write a STRONG Abstract for your Research Paper
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Abstract Examples Informative Abstract Example 1 Emotional intelligence (EQ) has been correlated with leadership effectiveness in organizations. Using a mixed-methods approach, For the young ones, they live in the hollow trees where they are taken care of by their mother until they can hunt w Free Abstract Essay Sample, Download Now Don’t waste time! Order 11/04/ · These good examples show just how the essay summary will look like: Abstract: “The usage of dosed frosty within the treatment plus avoidance of inner illnesses. ” Based on
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